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AI and robotics: technology and India's capability

Artificial intelligence and robotics as national capability: computing power and foundation models, uses in public life, robots, autonomous vehicles and drones. Prelims has asked how large language models work and what artificial intelligence can effectively do.

Foundation note: How a large language model works

UPSC has asked

Prelims 2020: what artificial intelligence can effectively do at present

Foundation model: A large artificial intelligence model trained on broad data that can then be adapted to many tasks, such as a large language model.

Parameter: One of the numbers inside a model that training adjusts; the count of parameters is a rough measure of how large the model is.

Natural language processing: The branch of artificial intelligence that lets computers understand and generate human language, spoken or written.

Cyber-Physical System: A system in which software, sensors and networks control a physical process, as in a driverless car or an automated factory line.

Section 8 company: A company registered under Section 8 of the Companies Act, 2013 for a charitable or public purpose, which must apply its income to those objects instead of paying dividends.

Scheduled languages: The 22 languages listed in the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution.

Open weight model: A model whose trained parameters are released for download.

Next token prediction: Training a model to predict the next token in a sequence.

Hallucination: A model producing an answer that sounds plausible but is factually wrong.

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India's research spending · on Research funding, institutions and awards
India's research spending is its gross expenditure on research and development (GERD), paid by government and by private industry.