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Digital public infrastructure and platforms
India's digital public infrastructure and the rules for digital platforms: identity, payments, records and registries built as public goods, digital money, and the regulation of online selling, gaming, platforms and competition. It serves GS2 answers on e-governance and GS3 answers on the digital economy.
10 Sep 2026 · Prelims and Mains
Consumer Protection (E-Commerce) Rules, 2020
These rules govern how a platform may sell to an Indian consumer. Until now a platform answered for its interface only when somebody caught it, and the amendment notified on 10 September 2026 makes it certify that interface itself from 1 January 2027.
Design
- Comply with the 2023 dark patterns guidelines
- Yearly self audit and certificate of compliance
Search
- No manipulation to mislead
- Clearly disclose sponsored listings
Prices
- Show the reduced and the prior price
- Prior price is the lowest in the previous 30 days
- No bundled fees for unrelated services
Imports and grievances
- Disclose importer and country of origin
- Join the National Consumer Helpline convergence process
- The Central Consumer Protection Authority issued guidelines on dark patterns in 2023, naming false urgency, basket sneaking, confirm shaming, subscription traps and drip pricing.
10 Sep 2026 · 9 Sep 2026 · Prelims and Mains
Digital India Land Records Modernisation Programme
The record of who owns which piece of land is the government's own rule book, and it has to be read, mapped and registered before it means anything. The textual record of ownership and the survey map often disagree with each other. The programme that digitises that record entered its third phase in September 2026, with operational guidelines and ₹565.50 crore for the years 2026 to 2031.
- It began in 2008 as the National Land Records Modernisation Programme, merging two Centrally Sponsored Schemes.
- In 2016 it was revamped as the Digital India Land Records Modernisation Programme (DILRMP), a Central Sector Scheme funded entirely by the Union.
- DILRMP 3.0 builds a GIS enabled Land Stack tying cadastral maps to Records of Rights, registrations and court cases.
- State Land Stacks federate into a National Land Stack, with the data staying with the States.
- Every parcel gets a Unique Land Parcel Identification Number (ULPIN), a 14 digit identity also called the Universal Bhu-Aadhaar.
- Registration is to be done at Registration Seva Kendras, modelled on Passport Seva Kendras.
- NAKSHA, the National Geospatial Knowledge-based Land Survey of Urban Habitations, is the pilot for urban land records and issues Urban Property Cards.
PIB, 10 Sep 2026: Union Minister Shri Shivraj Singh Chouhan Launches Operational Guidelines for DILRMP 3.0 (opens in a new tab) · PIB, 9 Sep 2026: Department of Land Resources to Launch Operational Guidelines for DILRMP 3.0; Set to Announce ₹565.50 Crore Digital Overhaul of Land Records (opens in a new tab)
Also filed elsewhere
- Deepfake labelling rules · on AI governance, safety and ethics
India reaches artificial intelligence through the platform that carries the content rather than through the model that made it.