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हिन्दी — Read in HindiLabour codes, gig work and social security
The law of work: the labour codes, gig work and the social security of workers.
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The meaning of "industry" in labour law
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Whether an establishment is an "industry" decides whether labour law applies to its disputes; the leading test was laid down in Bangalore Water Supply (1978).
What changed
21 Aug 2026Briefnewly addedIn State of Uttar Pradesh v. Jai Bir Singh a nine judge bench was unanimous that "industry" in Section 2(p) of the Industrial Relations Code, 2020 must be read on its own text. The triple test of 1978 still governs disputes pending under the repealed 1947 Act. The bench split on whether to restate that test: four judges set out a new test for the future, while three held that revisiting the 1978 ruling was unwarranted. The Hindu, 21 Aug 2026: How Supreme Court's new ruling changes the definition of 'industry' | Explained (opens in a new tab) · Supreme Court Observer, 31 Aug 2026: Monthly review: August 2026 (opens in a new tab)