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Land reforms and land records

Who owns and records land: land reforms and the land records that make them work.

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Digital India Land Records Modernisation Programme

Prelims and Mains

The Digital India Land Records Modernisation Programme (DILRMP) is a Central Sector Scheme to modernise land records, so that the record of who owns which piece of land can be read, mapped and registered.

The problem and the scheme

The record of who owns which piece of land is the government's own rule book, and the textual record of ownership and the survey map often disagree with each other.
It began in 2008 as the National Land Records Modernisation Programme, merging two Centrally Sponsored Schemes.
In 2016 it was revamped as the Digital India Land Records Modernisation Programme (DILRMP), a Central Sector Scheme funded entirely by the Union.

DILRMP 3.0

DILRMP 3.0 builds a GIS enabled Land Stack tying cadastral maps to Records of Rights, registrations and court cases.
State Land Stacks federate into a National Land Stack, with the data staying with the States.
Every parcel gets a Unique Land Parcel Identification Number (ULPIN), a 14 digit identity also called the Universal Bhu-Aadhaar.
Registration is to be done at Registration Seva Kendras, modelled on Passport Seva Kendras.
NAKSHA, the National Geospatial Knowledge-based Land Survey of Urban Habitations, is the pilot for urban land records and issues Urban Property Cards.

What changed

10 Sep 2026
- The Union Minister launched the operational guidelines for DILRMP 3.0, for the digital overhaul of land records for 2026 to 2031.
PIB, 10 Sep 2026: Union Minister Shri Shivraj Singh Chouhan Launches Operational Guidelines for DILRMP 3.0 (opens in a new tab) · PIB, 9 Sep 2026: Department of Land Resources to Launch Operational Guidelines for DILRMP 3.0; Set to Announce ₹565.50 Crore Digital Overhaul of Land Records (opens in a new tab)