VidBodh AcademyThe art and science of civil services preparation

Science and Technology › Communications

हिन्दी — Read in Hindi

Satellite and emerging communications

Satellite internet and emerging ways to communicate: satellite constellations and how their service is licensed and given spectrum, communication between vehicles, short range wireless, photonics and optical links. It serves GS3 answers on communications technology.

Showing 1 of 3 articles, those that changed from 1 to 31 August 2026.Show all

Satellite internet

Satellite internet: the ground segment, the licence and the spectrum

Copy link to Satellite internet: the ground segment, the licence and the spectrum

Prelims and Mains

Satellite internet carries a user's traffic from a dish to a passing low Earth orbit satellite, which relays it to a satellite earth station gateway that hands it to the ordinary internet.

Where the service sits

  • Only one part of a satellite internet service is in space.
  • No cable has to be laid to the user, which is why the service reaches homes that terrain or distance puts beyond a ground network.
  • The ground half is the part a government can reach.

The licence and the spectrum

  • Selling satellite voice and data in India needs a GMPCS licence from the Department of Telecommunications and an authorisation from IN-SPACe.
  • Spectrum is the one input a satellite operator cannot bid for: the Telecommunications Act, 2023 lists satellite services among the uses for which spectrum is assigned administratively, on terms the government sets.
  • Terrestrial mobile spectrum is auctioned as exclusive blocks, so a satellite licence is a set of conditions rather than a price.
  • The worry that holds the licences is that a foreign operator could route Indian traffic through gateways outside India.

What changed

  1. 22 Aug 2026New

    • Starlink, Eutelsat OneWeb and Jio Satellite Communications all hold both permissions, and none has been cleared to begin service.
    • The Department's guidelines require data localisation, gateways on Indian soil, a lawful blocking mechanism, restriction of services during hostilities and separate security clearance for voice and data.
    • User terminals must carry NavIC positioning by 2029.

    The Indian Express, 22 Aug 2026: Elon Musk says Starlink to serve rural India: why its launch faces delays (opens in a new tab)

Download a copy

Every article on this page, in full.