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Sustainable agriculture

Farming that saves soil, water and fertiliser: natural farming, new fertilisers, soil health, rice grown with less water, millets and agroforestry. Agriculture and its environment is part of the GS3 syllabus.

Foundation note: Farming practices and inputs a question tests: natural farming, nano urea, SRI and the rest

Showing 1 of 2 articles, those that changed from 1 to 30 June 2026.Show all

Fertiliser registration and nutrient use efficiency

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Prelims and Mains

New fertilisers are registered under the Fertiliser (Control) Order, 1985: a dossier, two season bio efficacy trials by the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) and State universities, and Central Fertiliser Committee review.

  • Water soluble fertilisers have needed only general specifications since 2015.
  • Urea and diammonium phosphate (DAP) have the lowest nutrient use efficiency, nitrogen being lost as ammonia and as nitrate into groundwater and phosphorus locking into insoluble compounds; controlled release and water soluble fertilisers do far better.
  • Under the Nutrient Based Subsidy the subsidy is fixed per nutrient and retail prices of phosphatic and potassic fertilisers follow world markets, while urea stays price controlled.
  • Cheaper urea encourages excess nitrogen and unbalanced soils.

Nutrient use efficiency by fertiliser type

FertiliserShare of the nutrient the crop takes up
Urea30 to 40 per cent
DAP15 to 25 per cent
Controlled release60 to 70 per cent
Water soluble80 to 95 per cent
The fertilisers India subsidises most heavily deliver the smallest share of their nutrient to the crop.Source: The Indian Express, 12 June 2026

What changed

  1. 12 Jun 2026

    • The fertiliser subsidy for 2026 to 2027 is set to far exceed the amount budgeted.
    • The Agriculture Ministry agreed in principle to exempt fertilisers meeting quality and safety standards from mandatory field trials.

    The Indian Express, 12 Jun 2026: Why government is looking to issue faster approvals for new fertilisers (opens in a new tab) · The Indian Express, 15 Jun 2026: Urea price crash opens window for reforms in India (opens in a new tab)

Also filed elsewhere

  • Pollinators and beekeeping · on Plants, insects and newly described species

    Pollinators are infrastructure for farming: the Food and Agriculture Organisation credits bee pollination with almost a third of global crop output.

  • Stubble burning and crop residue management · on Air pollution

    Stubble burning is the burning of paddy residue in the fields of Punjab, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh after harvest, in October and November.

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