Science and Technology

2017 · Q610 marks150 words

Stem cell therapy is gaining popularity in India to treat a wide variety of medical conditions including Leukaemia, Thalassemia, damaged cornea and severe burns. Describe briefly what stem cell therapy is and what advantages it has over other treatments?

2017 · Q710 marks150 words

India has achieved remarkable successes in unmanned space missions including the Chandrayaan and Mars Orbitter Mission, but has not ventured into manned space missions. What are the main obstacles to launching a manned space mission, both in terms of technology and logistics? Examine critically.

2017 · Q1615 marks250 words

Give an account of the growth and development of nuclear science and technology in India. What is the advantage of fast breeder reactor programme in India?

2018 · Q510 marks150 words

Discuss the work of 'Bose-Einstein Statistics' done by Prof. Satyendra Nath Bose and show how it revolutionized the field of Physics.

2018 · Q1515 marks250 words

Why is there so much activity in the field of biotechnology in our country? How has this activity benefitted the field of biopharma?

2018 · Q1615 marks250 words

With growing energy needs should India keep on expanding its nuclear energy programme? Discuss the facts and fears associated with nuclear energy.

2019 · Q510 marks150 words

How was India benefitted from the contributions of Sir M. Visvesvaraya and Dr. M. S. Swaminathan in the fields of water engineering and agricultural science respectively?

2019 · Q610 marks150 words

What is India's plan to have its own space station and how will it benefit our space programme?

2019 · Q1515 marks250 words

How is the Government of India protecting traditional knowledge of medicine from patenting by pharmaceutical companies?

2019 · Q1615 marks250 words

How can biotechnology help to improve the living standards of farmers?

2020 · Q510 marks150 words

What do you understand by nanotechnology and how is it helping in health sector?

2020 · Q610 marks150 words

How is science interwoven deeply with our lives? What are the striking changes in agriculture triggered off by the science-based technologies?

2020 · Q1515 marks250 words

COVID-19 pandemic has caused unprecedented devastation worldwide. However, technological advancements are being availed readily to win over the crisis. Give an account of how technology was sought to aid management of the pandemic.

2020 · Q1615 marks250 words

Describe the benefits of deriving electric energy from sunlight in contrast to the conventional energy generation. What are the initiatives offered by our Government for this purpose?

2021 · Q510 marks150 words

How is S-400 air defence system technically superior to any other system presently available in the world?

2021 · Q1515 marks250 words

What are the research and developmental achievements in applied biotechnology? How will these achievements help to uplift the poorer sections of the society?

2021 · Q1615 marks250 words

The Nobel Prize in Physics of 2014 was jointly awarded to Akasaki, Amano and Nakamura for the invention of Blue LEDs in 1990s. How has this invention impacted the everyday life of human beings?

2022 · Q1515 marks250 words

Launched on 25th December, 2021, James Webb Space Telescope has been much in the news since then. What are its unique features which make it superior to its predecessor Space Telescopes? What are the key goals of this mission? What potential benefits does it hold for the human race?

2022 · Q1615 marks250 words

What is the basic principle behind vaccine development? How do vaccines work? What approaches were adopted by the Indian vaccine manufacturers to produce COVID-19 vaccines?

2023 · Q510 marks150 words

Introduce the concept of Artificial Intelligence (AI). How does AI help clinical diagnosis? Do you perceive any threat to privacy of the individual in the use of AI in healthcare?

2023 · Q610 marks150 words

Discuss several ways in which microorganisms can help in meeting the current fuel shortage.

2023 · Q1515 marks250 words

The adoption of electric vehicles is rapidly growing worldwide. How do electric vehicles contribute to reducing carbon emissions and what are the key benefits they offer compared to traditional combustion engine vehicles?

2023 · Q1615 marks250 words

What is the main task of India's third moon mission which could not be achieved in its earlier mission? List the countries that have achieved this task. Introduce the subsystems in the spacecraft launched and explain the role of the 'Virtual Launch Control Centre' at the Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre which contributed to the successful launch from Sriharikota.

2024 · Q510 marks150 words

What is the present world scenario of intellectual property rights with respect to life materials? Although, India is second in the world to file patents, still only a few have been commercialized. Explain the reasons behind this less commercialization.

2024 · Q610 marks150 words

What is the technology being employed for electronic toll collection on highways? What are its advantages and limitations? What are the proposed changes that will make this process seamless? Would this transition carry any potential hazards?

2024 · Q1515 marks250 words

The world is facing an acute shortage of clean and safe freshwater. What are the alternative technologies which can solve this crisis? Briefly discuss any three such technologies citing their key merits and demerits.

2024 · Q1615 marks250 words

What are asteroids? How real is the threat of them causing extinction of life? What strategies have been developed to prevent such a catastrophe?

2025 · Q510 marks150 words

The fusion energy programme in India has steadily evolved over the past few decades. Mention India's contributions to the international fusion energy project – International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER). What will be the implications of the success of this project for the future of global energy?

2025 · Q610 marks150 words

How can India achieve energy independence through clean technology by 2047? How can biotechnology can play a crucial role in this endeavour?

2025 · Q1515 marks250 words

How does nanotechnology offer significant advancements in the field of agriculture? How can this technology help to uplift the socio-economic status of farmers?

2025 · Q1615 marks250 words

India aims to become a semiconductor manufacturing hub. What are the challenges faced by the semiconductor industry in India? Mention the salient features of the India Semiconductor Mission.

2026 · Q510 marks150 words

Explain by giving two examples, how biotechnology has helped the Indian farmers in processing their perishable crops.

2026 · Q610 marks150 words

Distinguish between a Fast Breeder Reactor (FBR) and a thermal nuclear reactor. In the context of first indigenously developed prototype FBR at Kalpakkam, explain the term 'criticality'. What are its implications for clean energy future of our country?

2026 · Q1515 marks250 words

Mention salient features of 'Mission Drishti'. Discuss the imaging techniques used in the satellite launched on 3rd May 2026. Why it is being considered world's first satellite of its kind?

2026 · Q1615 marks250 words

What is agentic Artificial Intelligence (AI)? Explain its working. Describe its applications with suitable examples. Discuss the advantages, risks and challenges associated with agentic AI systems.