Environment and Disaster Management › Climate negotiations and finance

India's climate policy: NDCs, net zero and adaptation

India's Nationally Determined Contribution, the State action plans, adaptation from the city to the village, and the forest carbon sink. Prelims has asked about Intended Nationally Determined Contributions.

Foundation note: Net zero 2070 and the National Action Plan on Climate Change

Nationally Determined Contribution: The climate pledge a country files under the Paris Agreement, saying what it will do by a given year, and revises upward over time.

Emission intensity: Greenhouse gas emissions per unit of gross domestic product, so it can fall even while total emissions rise.

Biennial Transparency Report: The report every two years in which a country tells the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change its emissions and its progress under the Paris Agreement.

Forest cover: Land over one hectare with tree canopy density above 10 per cent, whatever its ownership or legal status.

Urban heat island: A city noticeably warmer than the countryside around it, because concrete and tarmac store heat, traffic and machines add their own, and there is little greenery to cool the air.

Global warming potential: How much a gas warms the planet over a given period compared with the same mass of carbon dioxide.

Gram Panchayat Development Plan: The annual plan a gram panchayat draws up with its Gram Sabha, setting out the works it will take up and the funds for them.

Hydrofluorocarbons: Refrigerant gases used in air conditioners, refrigerators and cold chains, many with high global warming potential.