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हिन्दी — Read in HindiNepal and Bhutan
India, Nepal and Bhutan: the relationships, their agreements and their disputes.
India and Nepal
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India and Nepal share a 1,751 km open border under the Treaty of Peace and Friendship of 1950.
- About 32,000 Nepali citizens serve in the Indian Army's Gorkha regiments.
- Nepal claims Kalapani, Lipulekh and Limpiyadhura under the Treaty of Sugauli (1816) and placed them on its map in 2020.
- Under a 2024 agreement Nepal is to export 10,000 MW of hydropower to India over ten years.
What changed
26 Sep 2026newly added
- Because the floods damaged Nepal's hydropower plants, India approved power exports of up to 600 MW over the Muzaffarpur and Dhalkebar line until 31 December 2026.
- On 26 September Nepal's Prime Minister thanked India at the UN General Assembly and proposed a Himalayan Climate Resilience Mechanism, led jointly by Nepal, India and China, to share early warnings on glacial and landslide hazards.
News On AIR, 14 Sep 2026: India approves power export to Nepal for 18 hours a day till December 31 (opens in a new tab) · News On AIR, 26 Sep 2026: Nepal PM proposes Himalayan Climate Resilience Mechanism with India (opens in a new tab)
30 Aug 2026newly added
- The flash floods of 26 August in Nepal are on the page on the Nepal flood of August 2026.
- India sent relief flights to Kathmandu with 68.5 tonnes of relief material, a Bailey bridge, forensic experts and a tunnel rescue team.
- By 30 August 63 Indian nationals had been rescued from the Trishuli-1 power project site.
7 Jun 2026Newnewly added
- On 2 June, responding to remarks by Nepal's Prime Minister on the boundary, the Ministry of External Affairs said the two countries have bilateral mechanisms for border issues and there is no role for any third party.
- Nepal's Foreign Minister made his first official visit to India from 5 to 7 June, and the two sides started person to person cross border payments.
- On 7 June the Foreign Minister said Nepal was pressing its claim to Kalapani, Lipulekh and Limpiyadhura but was not seeking mediation.
Mains: Energy now anchors a relationship that the boundary dispute keeps testing.
The Hindu, 4 Jun 2026: No role for any third parties in border issues: MEA (opens in a new tab) · The Hindu, 6 Jun 2026: India, Nepal can decisively shift trajectory of bilateral ties: Jaishankar (opens in a new tab) · The Hindu, 7 Jun 2026: Nepal not asking for mediation from third parties: Foreign Minister Shisir Khanal (opens in a new tab)
See also: The Nepal flood of August 2026
Also filed elsewhere
- The Nepal flood of August 2026 · on Cryosphere, oceans and sea level
The Nepal flood of August 2026 was a debris flow that began on 26 August, when glacier ice and bedrock broke away on Langtang Lirung near the Nepal Tibet border and ran down the Bhote Koshi.