LeadPrelims and MainsForests, grasslands and mountain ecosystems
The Centre issued a seventh draft notification on the Western Ghats Ecologically Sensitive Area on 27 July 2026, after the sixth lapsed. It proposes 56,825.7 sq km across six States, and the States still do not agree on where the line should fall.
LeadPrelims and MainsElephants and other land mammals
The Supreme Court on 17 August 2026 ordered a fresh national survey of elephant corridors and held that no State may block a traditional elephant route. Five days earlier, on World Elephant Day, the government set out the result of India's first DNA based count: 22,446 wild elephants.
- 22,446wild elephants in India, by the first DNA based count
- nearly 60 per centof the world's wild Asian elephants that live in India
- 33Elephant Reserves, in 14 States
LeadPrelims and MainsLand degradation, desertification and drylands
The 17th Conference of the Parties (COP17) of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification met in Mongolia in August 2026, with drought at the centre. India presented its second Bonn Challenge progress report and launched its first guide to grasslands and other open natural ecosystems.
- 26 million hectaresIndia's pledge to restore degraded land by 2030
- 21.76 million hectaresbrought under restoration in 2011 to 2020
- 29.77 per centof India's land under degradation