LeadPrelims and MainsExtreme weather, monsoon and forecasting
The southwest monsoon ended on 30 September 2026 at 87 per cent of the long period average, the driest season in 11 years, and Maharashtra declared drought in 265 of its 358 talukas on 26 September.
- 87 per centof the long period average: 759.4 mm against 868.6 mm
- 13thdriest monsoon since 1901
- 282districts deficient, over 38 per cent of the country's area
LeadPrelims and MainsCryosphere, oceans and sea level
Uttarakhand began installing its first glacial lake early warning system at Vasundhara Tal in Chamoli on 29 September 2026. It comes a month after the Nepal disaster of 26 August, which experts now say was not a lake outburst at all.
- 195high risk glacial lakes on the national list
- 30 of 100marks the risk index gives to downstream vulnerability
- about 73 per centof mapped Himalayan glacial lakes that lie outside India
LeadPrelims and MainsAir pollution
On 28 September 2026 CAQM approved a revised GRAP schedule, and Delhi announced a winter plan with curbs fixed by date from 1 November 2026 to 31 January 2027.
LeadPrelims and MainsCryosphere, oceans and sea level
On 24 September 2026 the United Nations General Assembly adopted its first declaration on sea level rise, and agreed to hold another high level meeting by September 2030.
- 4.7 mm a yearglobal rate of sea level rise, 2015 to 2024
- 2.1 mm a yearthe rate in 1993 to 2002
- 11,098 kmIndia's coastline