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Bonn climate talks, SB64
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LeadThe Bonn climate talks: what India asked forJune 2026
Why in news
The mid year climate talks at Bonn, held from 8 to 18 June 2026, ended in gridlock over finance and trade. India used the session to press three demands before COP31 at Antalya.
Background
- The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) of 1992 is the parent treaty; the Paris Agreement of 2015 sits under it.
- Its yearly Conference of the Parties (COP) takes the decisions. Two subsidiary bodies prepare them: one on implementation, one on scientific and technological advice.
- These bodies meet every June at Bonn, the seat of the UNFCCC secretariat. This was their 64th session, SB64.
- COP30 was at Belém in Brazil; COP31 is at Antalya in Turkey, with Australia presiding over the negotiations.
India's three demands
- Finance: dedicated agenda space for the obligation of developed countries, under the Paris Agreement, to provide finance to developing ones, on the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities.
- Trade: a dialogue on unilateral trade measures such as the European Union's carbon border charge, which India anchors in Article 3.5 of the Convention.
- Just transition: putting the Just Transition Mechanism to work.
The groups India works through
- The G77 and China, the largest bloc of developing countries.
- The Like Minded Developing Countries.
- BASIC: Brazil, South Africa, India and China.
The electrification gap
- Turkey proposed that electricity meet at least a third of world energy needs by 2035.
- Electricity is about a fifth of the energy the world finally uses, and less than half of that comes from non fossil sources.
- So only about 8 per cent of the world's energy is clean. Renewables must first become electricity, which means electrifying transport, heating and industry.
Why the talks stalled
- The session ended in gridlock over finance and the European Union's carbon border charge, the recurring sticking points for developing countries.
- The same division has run through the talks since they began: who pays, and who cuts first.
The way forward
- Tie any new mitigation target to finance actually delivered.
- Settle trade measures inside the multilateral process, not by unilateral rules.
- Measure the transition by the share of energy that is electrified, not by renewable capacity alone.
Prelims facts
- The Bonn session is of the UNFCCC's subsidiary bodies; this was SB64.
- COP31 is at Antalya, Turkey, with Australia presiding over negotiations.
- BASIC is Brazil, South Africa, India and China.
- The UNFCCC secretariat is at Bonn.
The Bonn session is the mid year meeting of the UNFCCC's two subsidiary bodies, the Subsidiary Body for Implementation and the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice, which draft the decisions the Conference of the Parties (COP) adopts. SB64, the first session after COP30 at Belém, prepares text for COP31 at Antalya, with Australia presiding over negotiations. Its agenda carries the Global Goal on Adaptation, the Just Transition Work Programme, the Global Stocktake and the Sharm el Sheikh Mitigation Work Programme, due to end in 2026.
Why only 8 per cent is clean
Electricity's share
21 per cent of the world's final energy in 2025
Clean share of electricity
About 42 per cent came from non fossil sources
Clean share of all energy
21 per cent × 42 per cent is just over 8 per cent
What changed
20 Jun 2026LeadThe Bonn climate talks: what India asked for
See also: The IPCC's seventh assessment and the Global Stocktake
Also filed elsewhere
- Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism · on Climate finance, carbon markets and carbon pricing
The Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) is the European Union's charge on certain imports, paid by buying certificates that track the Union's carbon price.