LeadPrelims and MainsClimate science: records, attribution and tipping points
The new emissions scenarios for the next assessment of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), published in April 2026, retire the worst case scenario, known as RCP8.5. In June a global report put human caused warming at 1.37°C in 2025, with the carbon budget for 1.5°C nearly spent.
LeadPrelims and MainsUNFCCC negotiations and the Paris framework
The mid year climate talks at Bonn, held from 8 to 18 June 2026, ended in gridlock over finance and trade. India used the session to press three demands before COP31 at Antalya.
LeadPrelims and MainsExtreme weather, monsoon and forecasting
Studies published in June 2026 found that humid heat is spreading in India beyond the summer into the monsoon, and that India has more cities among the world's most heat vulnerable than any other country. India's peak power demand reached a record in May, much of it for cooling.
LeadPrelims and MainsCourts, tribunals and environmental jurisprudence
By an order of 25 May 2026 the Supreme Court set up a High Powered Committee to review the definition of the Aravalli hills that it had accepted in November 2025, and barred fresh mining leases until a management plan is ready.
LeadPrelims and MainsDrugs, diagnostics and medical technology
In June 2026 the Health Ministry announced four changes to how medicines are regulated: cough syrups may be sold only by licensed pharmacies, sixteen fixed dose combinations were banned, QR codes were notified for vaccines, antimicrobials and cancer drugs from 2027 and 2028, and minor offences under the health laws were decriminalised.
LeadPrelimsMissiles and air defence
In three tests on 10 and 11 June 2026 the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) demonstrated multi layered ballistic missile defence against long range ballistic missiles. In the same week the Defence Minister set out Mission Sudarshan Chakra, India's plan for a layered missile shield.
LeadPrelims and MainsSemiconductors, computing hardware and data centres
NITI Aayog's Frontier Tech Hub has released a report, Future of India's Semiconductor Industry, reported on 3 June 2026. It advises India to put public money into mature chips and packaging, and not into the most advanced chips.